More info please. At least printer model and slicer software used.

At first glance it looks like to nozzle is too far from the bed.

Filament buildup on the nozzle is my guess. Could be a Z-offset/first layer squish issue, filament moisture content too high, temp too high (or too low), nozzle hitting print during travel, small amount of oozing during travel moves, worn out nozzle with uneven nozzle shape/diameter, partial clog...there's a number of different things that can cause this.

Is your nozzle becoming full of molten filament on its outside while the printer is heating up?

Had something similar that got worse with a creality printer, the silicon sock on the hot end had slipped down.
If you have something like that you can buy replacements on Amazon cheap-ish

Elegoo Centauri Carbon, and I'm using Orca on Linux.

Have you completed the calibration steps in Orca Slicer?

Nope, didn't know I had to, I've had multiple prints succeed previously, but also clogs often enough to be annoying, so maybe that's it. Thank you very much for the pointer, let's hope it's what was missing.