I am sure it was different back then but how did it evolve from just hurtful speech to something you can get arrested for? Is there like a time line of cases or incidents or something????

You could be drawn and quartered for saying the king smells bad. Romans also had slaves so I'd imagine the slaves weren't free to speak their minds lol. Protected speech among the common folk is a very new thing and relatively rare even now.

Pre-modern societies often took words very seriously. The Romans didn't have a robust sense of being arrested, per se, but purely verbal harassment and threats were treated the same as physical battery that didn't cause permanent injury - as a cause for a lawsuit and fines/damages to be taken from the offending party.

However, hurtful speech was supposed to be protected since America had its start, though I later found out that 1A protected practicing Catholics, and completely ignored Protestants (making the latter slaves to the former).

That's... not even close to true.

Yeah that dude has some pretty intense issues. Everything in life makes them think of Jesuits, Catholics, and their "producer". 😬