Catalog entry at Metmuseum

This is the most elegant example of three extant small European stringed instruments dated to the early fifteenth century. Originally the instrument would have been strung with five gut strings, but whether it was played with a bow or plucked with a plectrum or fingers, remains unclear. The carved imagery relates to courtly romance and probably alludes to the rewards of fidelity in love. Cupid, armed with bow and arrow, hovers over the couple, a young man represented as falconer (the falcon denotes loyalty and trust) and a maiden with unbound hair who clasps his arm. A dog, likewise suggesting loyalty, sits at their feet. The rich iconography of the instrument unites art and music in the service of romance.

Their eyeballs are very... distinctive.

I wonder what kind of tuning pegs this instrument would have had.

Based on the name, I figured it was related to the bowed rebec.

Simple friction pegs almost certainly, like a fiddle.

Edit: yeah, you can see the holes on the side of the neck.