My system update has not been working for some time now because I have unresolved dependencies:

looking for conflicting packages...

error: failed to prepare transaction (could not satisfy dependencies)

:: installing expat (2.8.2-1.1) breaks dependency 'expat=2.8.1' required by lib32-expat

:: installing libffi (3.6.0-1.1) breaks dependency 'libffi=3.5.2' required by lib32-libffi

Is there a way to see which end-user applications depend on these lib32 components (so that I can uninstall them if necessary)?

Is there another way to resolve this dependency issue?

Sometimes this happens since not every package update is pushed out to every mirror in time. I would recommend waiting a bit, maybe up to a day or two. It looks like the versions of packages have been fixed:

https://archlinux.org/packages/multilib/x86_64/lib32-expat/

https://archlinux.org/packages/multilib/x86_64/lib32-libffi/

For both of them, the dependency versions required seem to be up to date.

If it still doesn't work after a wait, try a force refresh of the mirrors: sudo pacman -Syyu, which force pulls and doesn't use locally cached repo info.

If it still doesn't work, then it's probable that your mirrors themselves are outdated. You can switch them by running sudo cachyos-rate-mirrors.

I have this problem since two or three weeks, I guess.

sudo pacman -Syyu

sudo cachyos-rate-mirrors

Did not solved the issue. Dependencies are still not satisfied.

After running rate mirrors, first try clearing your cache and then running a refresh update again:

sudo cachyos-rate-mirrors
sudo pacman -Scc
sudo pacman -Syyu

If this doesn't work, and you need to update, then you can temporarily remove the pacakges. BUT, this will probably break steam, which seems to depend on those packages.

sudo pacman -Rdd lib32-libffi lib32-expat

If this is due to Steam, which wants those 32-bit libs, one solution is to install Steam with Flatpak. Uninstall Steam from the pacman side with pacman -Rss to get rid of the unnecessary 32-bit libraries and the niggles they cause.

steam is not installed.

pactree -r lib32-expat
lib32-expat
├─lib32-mesa
│ └─lib32-libglvnd
│   └─lib32-mesa
├─lib32-opencl-mesa
├─lib32-vulkan-radeon
└─lib32-wayland
  ├─lib32-mesa
  ├─lib32-vulkan-mesa-implicit-layers
  │ └─lib32-vulkan-radeon
  └─lib32-vulkan-radeon

pactree -r lib32-libelf
lib32-libelf
├─lib32-mesa
│ └─lib32-libglvnd
│   └─lib32-mesa
├─lib32-opencl-mesa
└─lib32-vulkan-radeon

I don't see any application at the end.