Does it have a grammatical or phonetic function?

The Babel Fish kinda screwed us out of some linguistic richness.

Someone's certainly not making it into Sto'Vo'Kor.

But excessive apostrophes are certainly not limited to Star Trek

Depends? Some of them seem to indicate a proper glottal stop. Some others are a reminder to English speakers not to let a half-syllable schwa or other vowel intrude on an unfamiliar consonant cluster, but characters/actors kinda do what they want. Some of them just seem to be there for looks.

Bat'leth Qo'nos M'Ress T'Pring M'Benga all existed during Roddenberry's tenure

An apostrophe in ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi (not technically an actual apostrophe, but an ʻokina UTF-8 +02BB) indicates a glottal stop, which is fun.

I suppose we can pretend that Klingons and Vulcans have regional dialects instead of guest actors who aren't conlang linguists! Which raises the question: have we ever met a Klingon hillbilly?

Bat'leth Qo'nos

No “Bat’leth” is a result of a bunch of script typos that eventually became “official“. And the Klingon home world didn’t even get a name until the third season of DS9, both after Roddenberry‘s death.

But you are correct about the others

have we ever met a Klingon hillbilly?

Linguistically? I'm not sure. Culturally? Definitely.

The Chancellor's ship was called Kronos One in Undiscovered Country, made while Roddenberry was alive. I remember from promotional material at the time that it was named for the homeworld.

That is correct, but it wasn’t necessarily linked to the name of the Klingon homeworld (more like something to be assumed), and it was also spelled differently.

Sometimes the origins of certain names isn’t exactly clear or clean cut

That's awesome!

and it was also spelled differently.

This is like getting upset about Türkiye or Naoero. Typical Federation arrogance, trying to tell the mighty Klingon Empire their preferred transliteration is wrong!

I’m sorry this upsets you

M’Jaffa

S-H- comma to the top - Dynasty

He was right. It's only a matter of time before we start doing it. It's great for typing, and helpful for spelling! Nice to meet you, my name is Mich'l Johns'n