The UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry published a report on September 16, 2025. The commission found that Israel committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.

The commission found that Israeli authorities and security forces committed four of the five genocidal acts defined by the 1948 Genocide Convention. These acts are killing, causing serious bodily or mental harm, deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to destroy the group, and imposing measures intended to prevent births.

Navi Pillay is the Chair of the Commission. She said: "The Commission finds that Israel is responsible for the commission of genocide in Gaza. It is clear that there is an intent to destroy the Palestinians in Gaza."

The report says the intent to destroy Palestinians is the only reasonable inference from the pattern of conduct and the statements by Israeli leaders. The report lists specific methods. Israeli forces imposed a total siege and blocked aid to cause starvation. They systematically destroyed the healthcare and education systems. They committed acts of sexual violence. They directly targeted children. And they attacked religious and cultural sites.

The commission also found that Israeli President Isaac Herzog, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, and former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant incited genocide.

The commission recommended that all States stop sending weapons to Israel. They said States must hold individuals and corporations accountable if they are involved in aiding the genocide.